Technical Article

How to Calculate the Safe Distance Between Hazard Source and Protection Points

Engineering Distribution of Firefighting Equipment

GENCO Expert Team
May 7, 2026 2 min read

Technical Takeaway

Learn about the importance of engineering distribution for firefighting equipment, and how to calculate safe distances based on NFPA standards.

The Importance of Engineering Distribution for Firefighting Equipment

The success of a fire protection plan is not limited to providing the latest equipment alone; it relies heavily on how this equipment is strategically distributed within the facility. Random distribution can exacerbate a crisis if a fire extinguisher or an alarm point is too far from the potential hazard zone. Calculating safe distances is an exact engineering science governed by strict international standards.

Global Standards (NFPA) for Determining Distances

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) relies on the hazard classification of the facility (light, ordinary, or extra) to determine the maximum travel distance to reach a fire extinguisher. As a general rule for Class A fires, the travel distance to the nearest extinguisher should not exceed 75 feet (approximately 22.8 meters).

Factors Influencing the Calculation of Safe Distance

  1. Nature of Flammable Materials: Highly flammable chemicals require placing extinguishing equipment at much closer distances (not exceeding 15 meters in some cases).
  2. Nature of Structural Obstacles: The “actual travel” distance must be measured, taking walls, corridors, and doors into account, rather than a straight line (Air Line) distance.
  3. Size and Training Level of Staff: In industrial facilities, heavy protection equipment must be placed within easy reach of trained rapid response teams.

Distribution of Manual Call Points

Manual call points must be located near emergency exits and evacuation routes, ensuring that anyone discovering a fire does not have to travel more than 30 meters to reach the nearest point. They must also be visible and illuminated for easy access during panic situations or power outages.

Conclusion

The process of calculating safe distances and distributing protection points requires a meticulous engineering review of the building. It is always recommended to periodically update these distances whenever business activities change or internal spaces are repartitioned, ensuring continuous compliance with safety requirements.

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